Overview
The Manufacturing sector comprises establishments engaged in the mechanical, physical, or chemical transformation of materials, substances, or components into new products. The assembling of component parts of manufactured products is considered manufacturing, except in cases where the activity is appropriately classified in Sector 23, Construction.
Establishments in the Manufacturing sector are often described as plants, factories, or mills and characteristically use power-driven machines and material handling equipment. However, establishments that transform materials or substances into new products by hand or in the worker's home and those engaged in selling to the general public products made on the same premises from which they are sold, such as bakeries, candy stores, and custom tailors, may also be included in this sector. Manufacturing establishments may process materials or may contract with other establishments to process their materials for them. Both types of establishments are included in manufacturing.
The materials, substances, or components transformed by manufacturing establishments are raw materials that are products of agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, or quarrying as well as products of other manufacturing establishments. The materials used may be purchased directly from producers, obtained through customary trade channels, or secured without recourse to the market by transferring the product from one establishment to another, under the same ownership.
The new product of a manufacturing establishment may be finished in the sense that it is ready for utilization or consumption, or it may be semi-finished to become an input for an establishment engaged in further manufacturing. For example, the product of the alumina refinery is the input used in the primary production of aluminum; primary aluminum is the input to an aluminum wire drawing plant; and aluminum wire is the input for a fabricated wire product manufacturing establishment.
The subsectors in the Manufacturing sector generally reflect distinct production processes related to material inputs, production equipment, and employee skills. In the machinery area, where assembling is a key activity, parts and accessories for manufactured products are classified in the industry of the finished manufactured item when they are made for separate sale. For example, a replacement refrigerator door would be classified with refrigerators and an attachment for a piece of metalworking machinery would be classified with metalworking machinery. However, components, input from other manufacturing establishments, are classified based on the production function of the component manufacturer. For example, electronic components are classified in Subsector 334, Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing, and stampings are classified in Subsector 332, Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing.
Manufacturing establishments often perform one or more activities that are classified outside the Manufacturing sector of NAICS. For instance, almost all manufacturing has some captive research and development or administrative operations, such as accounting, payroll, or management. These captive services are treated the same as captive manufacturing activities. When the services are provided by separate establishments, they are classified in the NAICS sector where such services are primary, not in manufacturing.
The boundaries of manufacturing and the other sectors of the classification system can be somewhat blurry. The establishments in the Manufacturing sector are engaged in the transformation of materials into new products. Their output is a new product. However, the definition of what constitutes a new product can be somewhat subjective. As clarification, the following activities are considered manufacturing in NAICS: Milk bottling and pasteurizing; Water bottling and processing; Fresh fish packaging (oyster shucking, fish filleting); Apparel jobbing (assigning materials to contract Ready-mix concrete production; Leather converting; Grinding lenses to prescription; Wood preserving; Electroplating, plating, metal heat treating, and factories or shops for fabrication or other polishing for the trade; contract operations) as well as contracting on Lapidary work for the trade; materials owned by others; Fabricating signs and advertising displays; Printing and related activities; Rebuilding or remanufacturing machinery (i.e., Machine shops; and automotive parts); Tire retreading. Ship repair and renovation;
Conversely, there are activities that are sometimes considered manufacturing, but which for NAICS are classified in another sector (i.e., not classified as manufacturing). They include:
1. Logging, classified in Sector 11, Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting, is considered a harvesting operation;
2. Beneficiating ores and other minerals, classified in Sector 21, Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction, is considered part of the activity of mining;
3. Constructing structures and fabricating at the construction site by contractors are classified in Sector 23, Construction;
4. Breaking bulk and redistributing in smaller lots, including packaging, repackaging, or bottling products, such as liquors or chemicals; assembling computers on a custom basis; sorting scrap; mixing paints to customer order; and cutting metals to customer order, classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade, or Sector 44-45, Retail Trade, produce a modified version of the same product, not a new product; and
5. Publishing and the combined activity of publishing and printing, classified in Sector 51, Information, transform information into a product for which the value to the consumer lies in the information content, not in the format in which it is distributed (i.e., the book or software compact disc).
Descendants
- 311 - Food Manufacturing
- 3111 - Animal Food Manufacturing
- 3112 - Grain and Oilseed Milling
- 31121 - Flour Milling and Malt Manufacturing
- 31122 - Starch and Vegetable Fats and Oils Manufacturing
- 311221 - Wet Corn Milling
- 311224 - Soybean and Other Oilseed Processing
- 311225 - Fats and Oils Refining and Blending
- 31123 - Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing
- 3113 - Sugar and Confectionery Product Manufacturing
- 31131 - Sugar Manufacturing
- 31134 - Nonchocolate Confectionery Manufacturing
- 31135 - Chocolate and Confectionery Manufacturing
- 3114 - Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Specialty Food Manufacturing
- 31141 - Frozen Food Manufacturing
- 311411 - Frozen Fruit, Juice, and Vegetable Manufacturing
- 311412 - Frozen Specialty Food Manufacturing
- 31142 - Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying
- 3115 - Dairy Product Manufacturing
- 31151 - Dairy Product (except Frozen) Manufacturing
- 311511 - Fluid Milk Manufacturing
- 311512 - Creamery Butter Manufacturing
- 311513 - Cheese Manufacturing
- 311514 - Dry, Condensed, and Evaporated Dairy Product Manufacturing
- 31152 - Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert Manufacturing
- 3116 - Animal Slaughtering and Processing
- 3117 - Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging
- 3118 - Bakeries and Tortilla Manufacturing
- 31181 - Bread and Bakery Product Manufacturing
- 311811 - Retail Bakeries
- 311812 - Commercial Bakeries
- 311813 - Frozen Cakes, Pies, and Other Pastries Manufacturing
- 31182 - Cookie, Cracker, and Pasta Manufacturing
- 311821 - Cookie and Cracker Manufacturing
- 311824 - Dry Pasta, Dough, and Flour Mixes Manufacturing from Purchased Flour
- 31183 - Tortilla Manufacturing
- 3119 - Other Food Manufacturing
- 31191 - Snack Food Manufacturing
- 31192 - Coffee and Tea Manufacturing
- 31193 - Flavoring Syrup and Concentrate Manufacturing
- 31194 - Seasoning and Dressing Manufacturing
- 311941 - Mayonnaise, Dressing, and Other Prepared Sauce Manufacturing
- 311942 - Spice and Extract Manufacturing
- 31199 - All Other Food Manufacturing
- 312 - Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing
- 3121 - Beverage Manufacturing
- 3122 - Tobacco Manufacturing
- 313 - Textile Mills
- 3131 - Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills
- 3132 - Fabric Mills
- 31321 - Broadwoven Fabric Mills
- 31322 - Narrow Fabric Mills and Schiffli Machine Embroidery
- 31323 - Nonwoven Fabric Mills
- 31324 - Knit Fabric Mills
- 3133 - Textile and Fabric Finishing and Fabric Coating Mills
- 314 - Textile Product Mills
- 3141 - Textile Furnishings Mills
- 3149 - Other Textile Product Mills
- 315 - Apparel Manufacturing
- 3151 - Apparel Knitting Mills
- 3152 - Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing
- 31521 - Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors
- 31522 - Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing
- 31524 - Women's, Girls', and Infants' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing
- 31528 - Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing
- 3159 - Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing
- 316 - Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing
- 3161 - Leather and Hide Tanning and Finishing
- 3162 - Footwear Manufacturing
- 3169 - Other Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing
- 321 - Wood Product Manufacturing
- 3211 - Sawmills and Wood Preservation
- 3212 - Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product Manufacturing
- 3219 - Other Wood Product Manufacturing
- 322 - Paper Manufacturing
- 3221 - Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills
- 3222 - Converted Paper Product Manufacturing
- 32221 - Paperboard Container Manufacturing
- 322211 - Corrugated and Solid Fiber Box Manufacturing
- 322212 - Folding Paperboard Box Manufacturing
- 322219 - Other Paperboard Container Manufacturing
- 32222 - Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing
- 32223 - Stationery Product Manufacturing
- 32229 - Other Converted Paper Product Manufacturing
- 323 - Printing and Related Support Activities
- 324 - Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing
- 3241 - Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing
- 325 - Chemical Manufacturing
- 3251 - Basic Chemical Manufacturing
- 32511 - Petrochemical Manufacturing
- 32512 - Industrial Gas Manufacturing
- 32513 - Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing
- 32518 - Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
- 32519 - Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
- 3252 - Resin, Synthetic Rubber, and Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing
- 32521 - Resin and Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing
- 32522 - Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing
- 3253 - Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing
- 32531 - Fertilizer Manufacturing
- 325311 - Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing
- 325312 - Phosphatic Fertilizer Manufacturing
- 325314 - Fertilizer (Mixing Only) Manufacturing
- 32532 - Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing
- 3254 - Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing
- 3255 - Paint, Coating, and Adhesive Manufacturing
- 3256 - Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing
- 32561 - Soap and Cleaning Compound Manufacturing
- 325611 - Soap and Other Detergent Manufacturing
- 325612 - Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing
- 325613 - Surface Active Agent Manufacturing
- 32562 - Toilet Preparation Manufacturing
- 3259 - Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
- 326 - Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing
- 3261 - Plastics Product Manufacturing
- 32611 - Plastics Packaging Materials and Unlaminated Film and Sheet Manufacturing
- 326111 - Plastics Bag and Pouch Manufacturing
- 326112 - Plastics Packaging Film and Sheet (including Laminated) Manufacturing
- 326113 - Unlaminated Plastics Film and Sheet (except Packaging) Manufacturing
- 32612 - Plastics Pipe, Pipe Fitting, and Unlaminated Profile Shape Manufacturing
- 326121 - Unlaminated Plastics Profile Shape Manufacturing
- 326122 - Plastics Pipe and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing
- 32613 - Laminated Plastics Plate, Sheet (except Packaging), and Shape Manufacturing
- 32614 - Polystyrene Foam Product Manufacturing
- 32615 - Urethane and Other Foam Product (except Polystyrene) Manufacturing
- 32616 - Plastics Bottle Manufacturing
- 32619 - Other Plastics Product Manufacturing
- 3262 - Rubber Product Manufacturing
- 327 - Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing
- 3271 - Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing
- 32711 - Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing
- 32712 - Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing
- 3272 - Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing
- 3273 - Cement and Concrete Product Manufacturing
- 32731 - Cement Manufacturing
- 32732 - Ready-Mix Concrete Manufacturing
- 32733 - Concrete Pipe, Brick, and Block Manufacturing
- 32739 - Other Concrete Product Manufacturing
- 3274 - Lime and Gypsum Product Manufacturing
- 3279 - Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing
- 331 - Primary Metal Manufacturing
- 3311 - Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing
- 3312 - Steel Product Manufacturing from Purchased Steel
- 33121 - Iron and Steel Pipe and Tube Manufacturing from Purchased Steel
- 33122 - Rolling and Drawing of Purchased Steel
- 3313 - Alumina and Aluminum Production and Processing
- 3314 - Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Production and Processing
- 33141 - Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining
- 33142 - Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying
- 33149 - Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum) Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying
- 3315 - Foundries
- 332 - Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
- 3321 - Forging and Stamping
- 3322 - Cutlery and Handtool Manufacturing
- 3323 - Architectural and Structural Metals Manufacturing
- 33231 - Plate Work and Fabricated Structural Product Manufacturing
- 332311 - Prefabricated Metal Building and Component Manufacturing
- 332312 - Fabricated Structural Metal Manufacturing
- 332313 - Plate Work Manufacturing
- 33232 - Ornamental and Architectural Metal Products Manufacturing
- 3324 - Boiler, Tank, and Shipping Container Manufacturing
- 33241 - Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing
- 33242 - Metal Tank (Heavy Gauge) Manufacturing
- 33243 - Metal Can, Box, and Other Metal Container (Light Gauge) Manufacturing
- 3325 - Hardware Manufacturing
- 3326 - Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing
- 3327 - Machine Shops; Turned Product; and Screw, Nut, and Bolt Manufacturing
- 3328 - Coating, Engraving, Heat Treating, and Allied Activities
- 3329 - Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
- 33291 - Metal Valve Manufacturing
- 332911 - Industrial Valve Manufacturing
- 332912 - Fluid Power Valve and Hose Fitting Manufacturing
- 332913 - Plumbing Fixture Fitting and Trim Manufacturing
- 332919 - Other Metal Valve and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing
- 33299 - All Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
- 332991 - Ball and Roller Bearing Manufacturing
- 332992 - Small Arms Ammunition Manufacturing
- 332993 - Ammunition (except Small Arms) Manufacturing
- 332994 - Small Arms, Ordnance, and Ordnance Accessories Manufacturing
- 332996 - Fabricated Pipe and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing
- 332999 - All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
- 333 - Machinery Manufacturing
- 3331 - Agriculture, Construction, and Mining Machinery Manufacturing
- 33311 - Agricultural Implement Manufacturing
- 333111 - Farm Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing
- 333112 - Lawn and Garden Tractor and Home Lawn and Garden Equipment Manufacturing
- 33312 - Construction Machinery Manufacturing
- 33313 - Mining and Oil and Gas Field Machinery Manufacturing
- 3332 - Industrial Machinery Manufacturing
- 3333 - Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing
- 3334 - Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing
- 33341 - Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing
- 3335 - Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing
- 3336 - Engine, Turbine, and Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing
- 3339 - Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing
- 33391 - Pump and Compressor Manufacturing
- 333912 - Air and Gas Compressor Manufacturing
- 333914 - Measuring, Dispensing, and Other Pumping Equipment Manufacturing
- 33392 - Material Handling Equipment Manufacturing
- 333921 - Elevator and Moving Stairway Manufacturing
- 333922 - Conveyor and Conveying Equipment Manufacturing
- 333923 - Overhead Traveling Crane, Hoist, and Monorail System Manufacturing
- 333924 - Industrial Truck, Tractor, Trailer, and Stacker Machinery Manufacturing
- 33399 - All Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing
- 333991 - Power-Driven Handtool Manufacturing
- 333992 - Welding and Soldering Equipment Manufacturing
- 333993 - Packaging Machinery Manufacturing
- 333994 - Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing
- 333995 - Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing
- 333996 - Fluid Power Pump and Motor Manufacturing
- 333997 - Scale and Balance Manufacturing
- 333999 - All Other Miscellaneous General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing
- 334 - Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing
- 3341 - Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing
- 3342 - Communications Equipment Manufacturing
- 33421 - Telephone Apparatus Manufacturing
- 33422 - Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing
- 33429 - Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing
- 3343 - Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing
- 3344 - Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing
- 33441 - Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing
- 334412 - Bare Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing
- 334413 - Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing
- 334416 - Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing
- 334417 - Electronic Connector Manufacturing
- 334418 - Printed Circuit Assembly (Electronic Assembly) Manufacturing
- 334419 - Other Electronic Component Manufacturing
- 3345 - Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and Control Instruments Manufacturing
- 33451 - Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and Control Instruments Manufacturing
- 334510 - Electromedical and Electrotherapeutic Apparatus Manufacturing
- 334511 - Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing
- 334512 - Automatic Environmental Control Manufacturing for Residential, Commercial, and Appliance Use
- 334513 - Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables
- 334514 - Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device Manufacturing
- 334515 - Instrument Manufacturing for Measuring and Testing Electricity and Electrical Signals
- 334516 - Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing
- 334517 - Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing
- 334519 - Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing
- 3346 - Manufacturing and Reproducing Magnetic and Optical Media
- 335 - Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing
- 3351 - Electric Lighting Equipment Manufacturing
- 3352 - Household Appliance Manufacturing
- 3353 - Electrical Equipment Manufacturing
- 3359 - Other Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing
- 33591 - Battery Manufacturing
- 33592 - Communication and Energy Wire and Cable Manufacturing
- 33593 - Wiring Device Manufacturing
- 335931 - Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing
- 335932 - Noncurrent-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing
- 33599 - All Other Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing
- 336 - Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
- 3361 - Motor Vehicle Manufacturing
- 33611 - Automobile and Light Duty Motor Vehicle Manufacturing
- 33612 - Heavy Duty Truck Manufacturing
- 3362 - Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing
- 3363 - Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing
- 33631 - Motor Vehicle Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing
- 33632 - Motor Vehicle Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturing
- 33633 - Motor Vehicle Steering and Suspension Components (except Spring) Manufacturing
- 33634 - Motor Vehicle Brake System Manufacturing
- 33635 - Motor Vehicle Transmission and Power Train Parts Manufacturing
- 33636 - Motor Vehicle Seating and Interior Trim Manufacturing
- 33637 - Motor Vehicle Metal Stamping
- 33639 - Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing
- 3364 - Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing
- 33641 - Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing
- 336411 - Aircraft Manufacturing
- 336412 - Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing
- 336413 - Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing
- 336414 - Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing
- 336415 - Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing
- 336419 - Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing
- 3365 - Railroad Rolling Stock Manufacturing
- 3366 - Ship and Boat Building
- 3369 - Other Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
- 337 - Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing
- 3371 - Household and Institutional Furniture and Kitchen Cabinet Manufacturing
- 33711 - Wood Kitchen Cabinet and Countertop Manufacturing
- 33712 - Household and Institutional Furniture Manufacturing
- 3372 - Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manufacturing
- 3379 - Other Furniture Related Product Manufacturing
- 339 - Miscellaneous Manufacturing
- 3391 - Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing
- 3399 - Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing
History
The NAICS editions in which this code was present are indicated below. In the event that a code was changed from the prior edition the equivalent value in that edition is provided for reference.
Edition | Existed | Equivalent Value |
---|---|---|
2002 | 31-33 | |
2007 | 31-33 | |
2012 | 31-33 | |
2017 | 31-33 | |
2022 | 31-33 |
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Mappings
SIC Mappings are not available at the sector level, a more specific code is required.
SIC mappings are available for 6 digit national industry codes and their sub-descriptions only. For detailed mappings choose the most appropriate six-digit code from the list of descendants.
Insurance Industry Mappings
Mappings are not available at the sector level, a more specific code is required.
Insurance industry mappings are available for 6 digit national industry codes and their sub-descriptions only. For detailed mappings choose the most appropriate six-digit code from the list of descendants.
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